AttestProtocol Documentation

The AttestProtocol Stellar contract leverages Soroban smart contracts to provide efficient attestation services with deterministic storage keys and native Stellar integration.

Contract Architecture

AttestProtocol on Stellar consists of two main Soroban smart contracts:

Protocol Contract

The main attestation protocol contract handles core attestation operations:

#[contract]
pub struct AttestationContract;

#[contractimpl]
impl AttestationContract {
    // Contract initialization
    pub fn initialize(env: Env, admin: Address) -> Result<(), Error>

    // Schema management
    pub fn register(env: Env, caller: Address, schema_definition: String, resolver: Option<Address>, revocable: bool) -> Result<BytesN<32>, Error>
    pub fn get_schema(env: Env, schema_uid: BytesN<32>) -> Result<Schema, Error>

    // Direct attestation operations
    pub fn attest(env: Env, attester: Address, schema_uid: BytesN<32>, value: String, expiration_time: Option<u64>) -> Result<BytesN<32>, Error>
    pub fn revoke(env: Env, revoker: Address, attestation_uid: BytesN<32>) -> Result<(), Error>
    pub fn get_attestation(env: Env, attestation_uid: BytesN<32>) -> Result<Attestation, Error>

    // Delegated operations (gas-less transactions)
    pub fn attest_by_delegation(env: Env, submitter: Address, request: DelegatedAttestationRequest) -> Result<(), Error>
    pub fn revoke_by_delegation(env: Env, submitter: Address, request: DelegatedRevocationRequest) -> Result<(), Error>

    // BLS signature support
    pub fn register_bls_key(env: Env, attester: Address, public_key: BytesN<192>) -> Result<(), Error>
    pub fn get_bls_key(env: Env, attester: Address) -> Result<BlsPublicKey, Error>
    pub fn get_attester_nonce(env: Env, attester: Address) -> u64
}

Authority Contract

Handles authority registration with payment verification and resolver functionality:

#[contract]
pub struct AuthorityResolverContract;

#[contractimpl]
impl AuthorityResolverContract {
    // Initialization
    pub fn initialize(env: Env, admin: Address, token_contract_id: Address, token_wasm_hash: BytesN<32>) -> Result<(), Error>

    // Authority management
    pub fn register_authority(env: Env, caller: Address, authority_to_reg: Address, metadata: String) -> Result<(), Error>
    pub fn is_authority(env: Env, authority: Address) -> Result<bool, Error>

    // Payment verification
    pub fn pay_verification_fee(env: Env, payer: Address, ref_id: String, token_address: Address) -> Result<(), Error>
    pub fn has_confirmed_payment(env: Env, payer: Address) -> bool

    // Resolver interface
    pub fn attest(env: Env, attestation: Attestation) -> Result<bool, Error>
    pub fn revoke(env: Env, attestation: Attestation) -> Result<bool, Error>

    // Fee withdrawal
    pub fn withdraw_levies(env: Env, caller: Address) -> Result<(), Error>
    pub fn withdraw_fees(env: Env, caller: Address) -> Result<(), Error>
}

Data Structures

Storage Key System

Deterministic storage keys for efficient data organization:

#[contracttype]
#[derive(Clone)]
pub enum DataKey {
    Admin,                              // Contract admin address
    Authority(Address),                 // Authority information by address
    Schema(BytesN<32>),                // Schema data by UID
    AttestationUID(BytesN<32>),        // Attestation by UID
    AttesterNonce(Address),            // Nonce for replay attack prevention
    AttesterPublicKey(Address),        // BLS public key for delegated operations
}

Attestation

Complete attestation record with support for delegated operations:

#[contracttype]
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
pub struct Attestation {
    pub uid: BytesN<32>,               // Unique attestation identifier
    pub schema_uid: BytesN<32>,        // Schema identifier
    pub subject: Address,              // Attestation target
    pub attester: Address,             // Attestation creator
    pub value: String,                 // Attestation content
    pub nonce: u64,                    // Unique nonce for this attestation
    pub timestamp: u64,                // Creation timestamp
    pub expiration_time: Option<u64>,  // Optional expiration
    pub revoked: bool,                 // Revocation status
    pub revocation_time: Option<u64>,  // Revocation timestamp
}

Schema

Schema structure with authority and resolver support:

#[contracttype]
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
pub struct Schema {
    pub authority: Address,            // Schema creator
    pub definition: String,            // Schema structure (supports XDR or JSON)
    pub resolver: Option<Address>,     // Optional validation contract
    pub revocable: bool,              // Schema-level revocation setting
}

Authority

Authority registration and metadata:

#[contracttype]
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct Authority {
    pub address: Address,              // Authority Stellar address
    pub metadata: String,              // Authority description (JSON)
}

Delegated Operations

Support for gas-less transactions through delegated signing:

#[contracttype]
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct DelegatedAttestationRequest {
    pub schema_uid: BytesN<32>,
    pub subject: Address,
    pub attester: Address,
    pub value: String,
    pub nonce: u64,
    pub deadline: u64,
    pub expiration_time: Option<u64>,
    pub signature: BytesN<96>,         // BLS12-381 signature
}

#[contracttype]
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct DelegatedRevocationRequest {
    pub attestation_uid: BytesN<32>,
    pub schema_uid: BytesN<32>,
    pub subject: Address,
    pub nonce: u64,
    pub revoker: Address,
    pub deadline: u64,
    pub signature: BytesN<96>,         // BLS12-381 signature
}

BLS Public Key

BLS12-381 key for advanced cryptographic operations:

#[contracttype]
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
pub struct BlsPublicKey {
    pub key: BytesN<192>,             // BLS12-381 G2 public key
    pub registered_at: u64,           // Registration timestamp
}

Core Operations

Schema Registration

pub fn register(
    env: Env,
    caller: Address,                      // Authority address (must authorize)
    schema_definition: String,            // Schema structure definition
    resolver: Option<Address>,            // Optional resolver contract
    revocable: bool                       // Schema revocation capability
) -> Result<BytesN<32>, Error>           // Returns schema UID

Process:

Caller authorizes the transaction
Generate deterministic schema UID using SHA-256 hash of definition
Store schema data using DataKey::Schema(uid)
Emit schema registration event
Return generated schema UID

Attestation Operations

Direct Attestation Create attestations where the attester is the subject:

pub fn attest(
    env: Env,
    attester: Address,                    // Attester address (must authorize)
    schema_uid: BytesN<32>,              // Target schema UID
    value: String,                        // Attestation data content
    expiration_time: Option<u64>          // Optional expiration timestamp
) -> Result<BytesN<32>, Error>           // Returns attestation UID

Flow:

Validate schema exists and caller authorization
Generate unique attestation UID
Call resolver contract if specified
Store attestation with DataKey::AttestationUID(uid)
Emit attestation created event
Return attestation UID

Delegated Attestation Gas-less attestations via signed requests:

pub fn attest_by_delegation(
    env: Env,
    submitter: Address,                   // Transaction submitter (pays fees)
    request: DelegatedAttestationRequest  // Signed attestation request
) -> Result<(), Error>

Benefits:

Users don’t need native tokens for gas
Any party can submit on behalf of the attester
BLS signature verification ensures authenticity
Nonce prevents replay attacks

Retrieve Attestation Query attestations by UID:

pub fn get_attestation(
    env: Env,
    attestation_uid: BytesN<32>          // Attestation identifier
) -> Result<Attestation, Error>

Revoke Attestation Invalidate existing attestations:

pub fn revoke(
    env: Env,
    revoker: Address,                     // Must be original attester
    attestation_uid: BytesN<32>          // Attestation identifier
) -> Result<(), Error>

Delegated Operations

BLS Key Registration Register BLS public key for delegated signing:

pub fn register_bls_key(
    env: Env,
    attester: Address,                    // Key owner (must authorize)
    public_key: BytesN<192>              // BLS12-381 G2 public key
) -> Result<(), Error>

Get Attester Nonce Retrieve nonce for replay attack prevention:

pub fn get_attester_nonce(
    env: Env,
    attester: Address
) -> u64                                  // Returns next expected nonce

Storage Architecture

Persistent Storage

Soroban’s persistent storage for long-term data retention:

// Schema storage
env.storage().persistent().set(&DataKey::Schema(schema_uid), &schema);

// Attestation storage  
env.storage().persistent().set(&DataKey::Attestation(schema_uid, subject, reference), &attestation);

// Authority storage
env.storage().persistent().set(&DataKey::Authority(authority_address), &authority);

Storage Benefits

Persistent State: Data survives contract upgrades
Efficient Queries: Direct key-based lookups
Deterministic Keys: Predictable storage locations
Gas Optimization: Minimal storage operations

Authority System

The Authority contract manages authority registration with payment verification:

Payment-Gated Registration

pub fn pay_verification_fee(
    env: Env,
    payer: Address,
    ref_id: String,
    token_address: Address
) -> Result<(), Error>

Fee: 100 XLM registration fee for enhanced trust and spam prevention

Authority Registration

After payment confirmation, register as an authority:

pub fn register_authority(
    env: Env,
    caller: Address,
    authority_to_reg: Address,
    metadata: String
) -> Result<(), Error>

Authority Verification

Check if an address is a registered authority:

pub fn is_authority(env: Env, authority: Address) -> Result<bool, Error>

Resolver Integration

Schemas can specify optional resolver contracts for custom validation logic:

Resolver Methods

The Authority contract implements the resolver interface:

// Called before attestation is created
pub fn attest(env: Env, attestation: Attestation) -> Result<bool, Error>

// Called before attestation is revoked
pub fn revoke(env: Env, attestation: Attestation) -> Result<bool, Error>

Use Cases:

Payment verification before attestation
Custom authorization logic
Conditional attestation rules
Integration with external systems

Error Handling

Comprehensive error types for all contract operations:

pub enum Error {
    AlreadyInitialized,           // Contract already initialized
    Unauthorized,                 // Insufficient permissions
    SchemaNotFound,               // Invalid schema UID
    AttestationNotFound,          // Attestation doesn't exist
    NotRevocable,                 // Schema/attestation cannot be revoked
    AlreadyRevoked,               // Already revoked
    ExpiredAttestation,           // Past expiration time
    InvalidSignature,             // Invalid BLS signature
    InvalidNonce,                 // Incorrect nonce for replay prevention
    DeadlineExpired,              // Delegated request deadline passed
    BlsKeyAlreadyExists,          // BLS key already registered
}

Events

The contracts emit events for all major operations:

Schema Registration: schema_registered
Attestation Created: attestation_created
Attestation Revoked: attestation_revoked
Authority Registered: authority_registered
Payment Received: payment_received
Fees Withdrawn: levy_withdrawn

These events are indexed by the Horizon indexer for efficient querying and real-time monitoring.

Network Information

Deployment Addresses

Network	Contract Address	Status
Testnet	`CB7QHNAXAEAQCAIBAEAQCAIBAEAQCAIBAEAQCAIBAEAQCAIBAE`	Active
Mainnet	TBD	Planned

Network Configuration

Testnet Setup:

# Network passphrase
TESTNET_PASSPHRASE="Test SDF Network ; September 2015"

# RPC endpoint  
TESTNET_RPC="https://soroban-testnet.stellar.org"

# Horizon endpoint
TESTNET_HORIZON="https://horizon-testnet.stellar.org"

Mainnet Setup:

# Network passphrase
MAINNET_PASSPHRASE="Public Global Stellar Network ; September 2015"  

# RPC endpoint
MAINNET_RPC="https://soroban-mainnet.stellar.org"

# Horizon endpoint
MAINNET_HORIZON="https://horizon.stellar.org"

Development

Build and Deploy

# Navigate to stellar contracts
cd contracts/stellar

# Build contracts
cd protocol && make build
cd ../authority && make build

# Run tests
cd protocol && make test
cd ../authority && make test

# Deploy to testnet
./deploy.sh testnet

Testing

Comprehensive test suites are available in each contract directory for validation of all operations.

Next Steps

Compare with the Anchor-based Solana implementation

Contract Source

View the complete Soroban contract source

Getting Started

Concepts

Stellar

Solana

Examples

Stellar Attestation Contract

Contract Architecture

Protocol Contract

Authority Contract

Data Structures

Storage Key System

Attestation

Schema

Authority

Delegated Operations

BLS Public Key

Core Operations

Schema Registration

Attestation Operations

Delegated Operations

Storage Architecture

Persistent Storage

Storage Benefits

Authority System

Payment-Gated Registration

Authority Registration

Authority Verification

Resolver Integration

Resolver Methods

Error Handling

Events

Network Information

Deployment Addresses

Network Configuration

Development

Build and Deploy

Testing

Next Steps

Contract Source

Getting Started

Concepts

Stellar

Solana

Examples

​Contract Architecture

​Protocol Contract

​Authority Contract

​Data Structures

​Storage Key System

​Attestation

​Schema

​Authority

​Delegated Operations

​BLS Public Key

​Core Operations

​Schema Registration

​Attestation Operations

​Delegated Operations

​Storage Architecture

​Persistent Storage

​Storage Benefits

​Authority System

​Payment-Gated Registration

​Authority Registration

​Authority Verification

​Resolver Integration

​Resolver Methods

​Error Handling

​Events

​Network Information

​Deployment Addresses

​Network Configuration

​Development

​Build and Deploy

​Testing

​Next Steps

Contract Source

Contract Architecture

Protocol Contract

Authority Contract

Data Structures

Storage Key System

Attestation

Schema

Authority

Delegated Operations

BLS Public Key

Core Operations

Schema Registration

Attestation Operations

Delegated Operations

Storage Architecture

Persistent Storage

Storage Benefits

Authority System

Payment-Gated Registration

Authority Registration

Authority Verification

Resolver Integration

Resolver Methods

Error Handling

Events

Network Information

Deployment Addresses

Network Configuration

Development

Build and Deploy

Testing

Next Steps